John Dryden

Definition

John Dryden was a prominent English poet, playwright, and literary critic during the Restoration period, known for his influential works that shaped English literature in the late 17th century. He was appointed Poet Laureate in 1668 and played a crucial role in the development of Restoration drama and poetry, merging classical influences with contemporary themes and styles. His writings often addressed political issues and societal norms, making him a significant figure in both literary and cultural contexts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. John Dryden is credited with establishing the genre of 'heroic tragedy,' a serious form of drama that often incorporated themes of honor and sacrifice.
2. His notable works include 'All for Love,' a retelling of the story of Antony and Cleopatra, which reflects his mastery of tragic themes.
3. Dryden's essay 'An Essay of Dramatic Poesy' is a key text in which he defends the value of drama and discusses the differences between ancient and modern playwrights.
4. He had a significant impact on the English language, coining phrases and expressions that are still in use today.
5. Dryden was politically active; his writings often reflected his opinions on the political turmoil of his time, particularly during the shifting loyalties between monarchy and parliament.

Review Questions

• How did John Dryden's work reflect the political climate of his time?
  • John Dryden's work deeply mirrored the political turmoil of the Restoration period, as he often addressed themes related to monarchy, power struggles, and societal expectations. His writings, including plays like 'All for Love,' not only entertained but also critiqued the political landscape, showcasing his alignment with royalist sentiments at times while also engaging with broader societal issues. This duality made him a pivotal voice in both literature and political commentary during a time of significant change.
• Discuss the impact of John Dryden on Restoration drama and poetry.
  • John Dryden had a transformative impact on Restoration drama and poetry by blending classical traditions with modern sensibilities. He elevated the heroic couplet to new heights in poetry and established standards for dramatic structure and character development in plays. His work influenced later dramatists and poets by introducing themes that explored human nature, morality, and social critique, helping to lay the groundwork for future English literature.
• Evaluate John Dryden's legacy in English literature, considering both his contributions to poetry and drama.
  • John Dryden's legacy in English literature is significant due to his innovative blending of classical forms with contemporary themes, making profound contributions to both poetry and drama. His use of heroic couplets set a standard for subsequent poets while his plays redefined dramatic conventions during the Restoration. Furthermore, his critical essays provided essential insights into literary practices that would influence generations of writers. Overall, Dryden's ability to articulate complex social and political ideas through engaging narratives solidifies his place as a foundational figure in English literary history.

Related terms

Restoration Comedy: A style of comedic play that emerged in England during the Restoration period, characterized by its wit, sexual innuendos, and satirical approach to social norms.

Heroic Couplet: A pair of rhymed lines in iambic pentameter, often used by Dryden and other poets of the time to convey moral themes and grand narratives.

Aphra Behn: One of the first female playwrights in England, known for her contributions to Restoration drama and her contemporary rivalry with Dryden.