Arthur Miller

Definition

Arthur Miller was a renowned American playwright and essayist, known for his significant contributions to modern drama, particularly in the 20th century. His works often explore themes of social responsibility, morality, and the human condition, reflecting the complexities of American society. Miller's plays, such as 'Death of a Salesman' and 'The Crucible', examine personal and societal struggles, making him a pivotal figure in the landscape of American theater.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915, in Harlem, New York City, and became one of the most influential playwrights in American history.
2. His play 'Death of a Salesman' premiered in 1949 and won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, highlighting the disillusionment with the American Dream.
3. Miller's work often reflected his concerns about social justice, personal integrity, and moral conflict in a rapidly changing society.
4. He faced scrutiny during the Red Scare for his political views and was called to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1956.
5. Miller's legacy extends beyond theater; he was also known for his essays and critiques on various social issues, cementing his role as a voice for moral conscience in America.

Review Questions

• How does Arthur Miller's portrayal of characters in 'Death of a Salesman' reflect his views on the American Dream?
  • In 'Death of a Salesman', Arthur Miller portrays Willy Loman as a tragic figure whose relentless pursuit of the American Dream ultimately leads to his downfall. Willy's belief that success is defined by material wealth and popularity blinds him to the reality of his life and relationships. Through Willy's struggles, Miller critiques the unattainable nature of the American Dream and highlights how societal pressures can devastate individuals and families.
• Discuss how 'The Crucible' serves as an allegory for McCarthyism and its implications on society during Arthur Miller's time.
  • 'The Crucible' is set against the backdrop of the Salem witch trials but serves as an allegory for McCarthyism, illustrating how fear and hysteria can lead to injustice. During Miller's era, individuals were often accused without evidence, leading to widespread paranoia. By drawing parallels between the witch hunts and the Red Scare, Miller critiques how societal fears can undermine justice and morality, showcasing the destructive impact of mass hysteria on both individuals and communities.
• Evaluate Arthur Miller's contribution to modern drama and how his themes resonate with contemporary social issues.
  • Arthur Miller's contribution to modern drama is significant due to his exploration of complex social issues such as identity, morality, and social responsibility. His ability to weave personal narratives with broader societal critiques allows audiences to reflect on their own values and beliefs. Today, themes from Miller's works continue to resonate as they address ongoing issues like economic inequality, societal expectations, and moral integrity, encouraging reflection on how these challenges persist in contemporary society.

Related terms

Death of a Salesman: 'Death of a Salesman' is one of Arthur Miller's most famous plays, telling the story of Willy Loman, an everyman struggling to achieve the American Dream while grappling with personal failures and societal expectations.

The Crucible: 'The Crucible' is another prominent play by Miller, set during the Salem witch trials, which serves as an allegory for McCarthyism and critiques the dangers of mass hysteria and social injustice.

Social Responsibility: Social responsibility refers to the ethical framework that suggests individuals and organizations should act in the best interests of society at large, a theme often explored in Miller's works.