Arthur Miller

Definition

Arthur Miller was an influential American playwright and essayist, best known for his works that explore the moral and social dilemmas faced by individuals in contemporary society. His plays often address themes of justice, integrity, and the human condition, making him a key figure in modern drama. Miller's ability to blend personal and political issues resonates throughout his work, reflecting the complexities of human relationships and societal pressures.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915, in New York City and became one of the most significant playwrights of the 20th century.
2. His work often reflects his concerns about capitalism and its impact on human relationships, particularly seen in 'Death of a Salesman'.
3. Miller received numerous awards for his contributions to theatre, including the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1949.
4. He was also known for his public stance against McCarthyism, standing up for artistic freedom and civil liberties during the Red Scare.
5. Miller's plays frequently depict the struggle between personal desires and societal expectations, showcasing characters who confront moral dilemmas.

Review Questions

• How does Arthur Miller use the character of Willy Loman in 'Death of a Salesman' to reflect on the theme of the American Dream?
  • In 'Death of a Salesman', Arthur Miller uses Willy Loman as a representation of the American Dream gone awry. Willy is a man who clings to the belief that success is attainable through charisma and personal connections, yet his inability to achieve these ideals leads to his tragic downfall. Through Willy's struggles, Miller critiques the unrealistic expectations placed upon individuals by society and explores the emotional toll that these pressures can take on one's identity and relationships.
• Discuss how 'The Crucible' serves as an allegory for McCarthyism and what Miller seeks to convey through this comparison.
  • 'The Crucible' is a powerful allegory for McCarthyism, as Arthur Miller uses the Salem witch trials to draw parallels with the persecution faced by individuals accused of communism during the 1950s. Through characters like John Proctor, who grapple with their integrity in a society driven by fear and hysteria, Miller critiques how paranoia can lead to the erosion of personal freedoms. He illustrates the dangers of allowing mass hysteria to overshadow reason and truth, emphasizing the importance of moral courage in times of crisis.
• Evaluate the significance of Arthur Miller's contributions to modern drama and how his works challenge societal norms.
  • Arthur Miller's contributions to modern drama are significant as he addresses complex social issues and moral dilemmas that resonate with audiences. His plays challenge societal norms by exploring themes such as economic hardship, personal failure, and ethical integrity. By focusing on ordinary individuals caught in extraordinary circumstances, Miller invites audiences to reflect on their own values and choices. His ability to intertwine personal narratives with broader social commentary has made him a pivotal figure in theatre, influencing countless playwrights who followed.

Related terms

The Crucible: A play by Arthur Miller that draws parallels between the Salem witch trials and McCarthyism, exploring themes of hysteria, reputation, and moral integrity.

Death of a Salesman: One of Miller's most famous plays that tells the story of Willy Loman, a struggling salesman who grapples with the American Dream and his own failures.

McCarthyism: A period in American history characterized by intense anti-communist sentiment, which influenced Miller's writing and led to his own experiences with political persecution.