Tribune

Definition

A tribune was an elected official in ancient Rome who represented the interests of the plebeians, the common people, in the government. The position was crucial for protecting the rights of the lower class against the decisions made by the patricians, or aristocracy, and was characterized by the power to veto legislation that they deemed harmful to their constituents.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Tribunes had the unique power to convene the Plebeian Council, which was essential for passing legislation that favored plebeians.
2. They were considered sacrosanct, meaning that any harm or violence against a tribune was punishable by death, ensuring their safety in office.
3. There were originally two tribunes, but this number increased to ten as the role gained importance and more representatives were needed.
4. Tribunes could propose legislation and had the authority to intervene on behalf of plebeians in legal matters, providing a check against patrician authority.
5. The office of the tribune was established during the Conflict of the Orders, a power struggle between plebeians and patricians that lasted for several decades.

Review Questions

• How did the role of tribunes evolve during the early Roman Republic?
  • Initially, there were only two tribunes to represent the plebeians, but as their influence grew and the needs of the plebeians became more complex, the number of tribunes increased to ten. This evolution reflected the ongoing power struggle between plebeians and patricians. The role became vital in voicing the concerns of common citizens and pushing for legislative changes that protected their interests against the aristocracy.
• In what ways did tribunes exercise their powers to protect plebeian rights against patrician interests?
  • Tribunes exercised their powers through several key mechanisms. They could veto decisions made by other officials and even propose new laws that favored plebeians. Additionally, they had the ability to intervene in legal disputes involving plebeians, ensuring fair treatment. Their sacrosanct status also meant they could operate without fear of physical harm while advocating for their constituents, which reinforced their importance in protecting plebeian rights.
• Evaluate the impact of tribunes on the political landscape of ancient Rome and how this role contributed to broader social changes.
  • The establishment and empowerment of tribunes significantly altered Rome's political landscape by creating a direct line of representation for plebeians in government. This office allowed for greater political participation from lower classes, challenging patrician dominance and ultimately leading to a series of social reforms. The advocacy efforts of tribunes highlighted issues of inequality, contributing to significant shifts in Roman governance that would pave the way for more inclusive political practices in later centuries.

Related terms

Plebeians:

The general body of free Roman citizens who were not part of the patrician class, often comprising farmers, laborers, and artisans.

Patricians:

The wealthy and noble families of ancient Rome who held significant political power and privileges over the plebeians.

Senate:

The governing body of Rome that was primarily made up of patricians and held significant influence over legislation and state affairs.