The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climate pattern that describes the fluctuations in ocean temperatures and atmospheric conditions in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. This phenomenon has significant impacts on global weather patterns, influencing precipitation and temperature variations across many regions, particularly in the tropics and subtropics. It comprises two main phases: El Niño, which is characterized by warmer ocean temperatures, and La Niña, associated with cooler ocean temperatures.
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