Impressionism

Definition

Impressionism is an art movement that originated in the late 19th century, characterized by a focus on capturing the effects of light and color through loose brushwork and an emphasis on everyday scenes. This movement sought to depict a moment in time, often emphasizing the fleeting qualities of natural light and atmosphere, leading to a new way of seeing the world. Impressionism was groundbreaking as it moved away from traditional techniques and subjects, paving the way for modern art.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Impressionism emerged in France during the 1870s and was initially met with criticism from traditional art circles, who found its techniques unrefined.
2. Mary Cassatt played a vital role in Impressionism by introducing an American perspective and focusing on themes of women and domestic life.
3. Berthe Morisot was one of the few female artists associated with the movement and was celebrated for her innovative use of color and brushwork to convey emotion.
4. The term 'Impressionism' comes from Claude Monet's painting 'Impression, Sunrise,' which was exhibited in 1874 and critiqued by a journalist who coined the name.
5. Impressionist artists often painted en plein air, allowing them to capture the changing qualities of light and its effects on color in their work.

Review Questions

• How did Mary Cassatt's approach to Impressionism differ from her male counterparts, and what impact did this have on her work?
  • Mary Cassatt's approach to Impressionism was distinct in that she focused on the intimate experiences of women and children, often portraying domestic scenes. While male Impressionists typically concentrated on landscapes or urban settings, Cassatt brought a fresh perspective that highlighted women's roles in society. Her emphasis on female subjects not only expanded the scope of Impressionist themes but also challenged traditional gender roles within the art world.
• Discuss Berthe Morisot's contributions to Impressionism and how her style reflected modernist ideals.
  • Berthe Morisot significantly contributed to Impressionism through her innovative use of color, light, and brushwork that emphasized emotional expression. Her style was marked by quick, loose brush strokes that conveyed a sense of immediacy and intimacy. Morisot's ability to capture the nuances of everyday life aligned with modernist ideals by breaking away from formalized artistic conventions, establishing her as a pioneering figure within both Impressionism and the broader modern art movement.
• Evaluate the significance of Impressionism in the context of changing societal views on gender roles during its emergence.
  • Impressionism held significant importance as it coincided with evolving societal views on gender roles in the late 19th century. The movement provided women artists like Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot a platform to express their perspectives through art at a time when traditional gender roles were being questioned. By focusing on themes relevant to women's lives and experiences, these artists not only contributed to the evolution of Impressionism but also influenced discussions around women's rights and representation in society. This interplay between art and social change made Impressionism a crucial part of the broader narrative of modernity.

Related terms

Plein Air: A painting technique where artists create works outdoors, capturing the natural light and atmosphere of their surroundings.

Color Theory: A set of principles used to understand how colors interact, influence mood, and create depth in art.

Modernism: A broad cultural movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing innovation and a break from traditional forms in art, literature, and architecture.