Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a communication protocol designed for wireless sensor networks that aims to optimize energy consumption by using a hierarchical organization of nodes. In LEACH, nodes organize themselves into clusters, where a leader or 'cluster head' is selected to handle data aggregation and communication with the base station. This approach minimizes energy usage by allowing nodes to transmit data over shorter distances and reduces the number of transmissions required, ultimately extending the overall lifespan of the network.
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