Vertex operator algebras are algebraic structures that arise in the study of two-dimensional conformal field theory, providing a framework for understanding the behavior of physical systems and mathematical constructs in quantum physics. They encode the algebraic properties of vertex operators, which are used to represent states and their interactions, bridging the gap between algebra and geometry. This concept is crucial in the context of conformal nets as it relates to how these nets can be understood through the lens of operator algebras and their representations.
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