The toric code is a type of quantum error-correcting code that operates on a two-dimensional lattice and is notable for its topological properties. It is designed to protect quantum information from local errors, leveraging the concept of anyons, which are quasi-particles that exhibit non-abelian statistics. The toric code demonstrates the principles of topological quantum computing, where the physical implementation of qubits can be made more robust against certain types of noise by using topological characteristics of the quantum state.
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