English Parliament

Definition

The English Parliament is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, consisting of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. It has evolved over centuries from a council of nobles advising the monarch to a robust institution that plays a critical role in shaping national law and policy, reflecting the changes in governance and demands for democratic representation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The English Parliament dates back to the 13th century, originally forming from the Great Council convened by the monarch.
2. The Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949 allowed the House of Commons to override decisions made by the House of Lords under certain conditions, strengthening democratic control.
3. Parliament has the authority to make and amend laws, scrutinize government actions, and debate issues important to the nation.
4. The Speaker of the House of Commons is responsible for maintaining order during debates and ensuring parliamentary rules are followed.
5. The concept of parliamentary sovereignty means that Parliament has the ultimate legal authority in the UK, enabling it to create or repeal any law.

Review Questions

• How has the role of the English Parliament changed over time in relation to the monarchy?
  • The role of the English Parliament has transformed significantly from its origins as an advisory council to the monarchy to its current position as a central authority in law-making. Initially, it consisted mainly of nobles who advised the king; however, over centuries, especially after events like the Glorious Revolution and subsequent reforms, Parliament gained substantial powers. Today, it operates independently from royal influence, emphasizing democratic principles and representing the interests of citizens.
• Evaluate the impact of the Parliament Acts on the relationship between the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
  • The Parliament Acts significantly altered the dynamics between the House of Commons and the House of Lords by limiting the latter's ability to block legislation. These Acts enabled the Commons to assert its dominance in legislative matters, particularly when there was a disagreement with the Lords. This shift strengthened democratic governance by ensuring that elected representatives had greater control over law-making processes, ultimately leading to a more accountable political system.
• Assess how parliamentary sovereignty influences modern governance in the UK and its implications for constitutional change.
  • Parliamentary sovereignty underpins modern governance in the UK by asserting that Parliament can create or repeal any law without external limitations. This principle empowers Parliament to adapt laws in response to societal changes and challenges. However, this power also raises questions about constitutional change, particularly regarding devolved governments and international treaties, as it can create tensions between different levels of governance and highlight issues surrounding accountability and representation within a dynamic political landscape.

Related terms

House of Commons: The lower house of Parliament, made up of Members of Parliament (MPs) who are elected by the public, responsible for proposing and debating new laws.

House of Lords: The upper house of Parliament, composed of appointed members including life peers, bishops, and hereditary peers, providing expertise and revision on proposed legislation.

Constitutional Monarchy: A form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the boundaries set by a constitution, with Parliament holding significant legislative power.