Upward social comparison

Definition

Upward social comparison is a psychological process where individuals evaluate themselves in relation to others who are perceived to be better off or more successful. This phenomenon often influences self-esteem and motivation, as people may aspire to reach the standards set by those they admire. In the realm of media, particularly reality TV, this type of comparison can drive viewers to reflect on their own lives and aspirations as they observe the lifestyles and achievements of the participants.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Reality TV often showcases participants living extravagant lifestyles, which can trigger upward social comparisons among viewers who may feel inadequate in comparison.
2. The portrayal of success and wealth in reality shows can motivate viewers to strive for similar achievements, but it can also lead to negative self-perception if they feel they fall short.
3. Viewers might use upward social comparison as a way to evaluate their own life choices, leading to both inspiration and feelings of discouragement.
4. Social media platforms amplify upward social comparison effects, as users frequently share curated images of success, making it easier for viewers to engage in these comparisons.
5. Research indicates that while upward social comparisons can enhance motivation for some individuals, they can also contribute to anxiety and dissatisfaction for others.

Review Questions

• How does upward social comparison manifest in reality TV shows, and what impact does it have on viewers' self-esteem?
  • Upward social comparison in reality TV manifests when viewers observe contestants living glamorous lives or achieving notable success. This often leads viewers to assess their own circumstances against those depicted on screen. While some may find inspiration and motivation to improve their own situations, others may experience diminished self-esteem as they feel inadequate in comparison, leading to a complex emotional response influenced by both aspiration and discouragement.
• Discuss the role of upward social comparison in shaping cultural attitudes towards success as represented in reality television.
  • Upward social comparison plays a significant role in shaping cultural attitudes toward success as it highlights aspirational lifestyles that many viewers desire. Reality television showcases individuals who have achieved fame, wealth, or unique experiences, promoting a narrative that equates success with happiness. This representation can skew cultural perceptions, making it seem as if success is easily attainable while simultaneously fostering unrealistic expectations among viewers about their own lives.
• Evaluate the psychological effects of upward social comparison seen in reality TV programming on different demographics.
  • The psychological effects of upward social comparison from reality TV vary across demographics, influenced by factors such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Younger viewers may be particularly vulnerable as they develop their self-identity and might experience increased pressure to conform to societal standards of success presented in these shows. Conversely, older viewers may have established self-concepts that buffer against negative comparisons. Moreover, those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds might feel greater discontent when exposed to representations of wealth and privilege, exacerbating feelings of inadequacy. Thus, understanding these dynamics is crucial for recognizing how different groups react to media portrayals.

Related terms

downward social comparison:

This is when individuals compare themselves to others who are worse off, often leading to an increase in self-esteem and feelings of superiority.

self-perception theory: A theory suggesting that individuals develop their attitudes and beliefs by observing their own behavior and the context in which it occurs, including comparisons with others.

social identity theory: A theory that posits a person's sense of who they are is based on their group memberships, influencing how they compare themselves with others.