Neapolitan Sixth

Definition

The Neapolitan Sixth is a specific type of chord that consists of a major triad built on the lowered second scale degree, typically functioning as a predominant chord in harmonic progressions. This chord is usually found in first inversion, which means the third of the chord is in the bass, creating a distinctive sound that often leads to the dominant chord. It's particularly noted for its role in chromatic modulation, enhancing the emotional color and tension in music.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Neapolitan Sixth is typically notated as N6 and is usually built on the lowered second degree of the scale, for example, Db major in C major.
2. This chord often appears in first inversion (with the third in the bass) and creates a smooth transition to the dominant chord, enhancing voice leading.
3. In classical music, it frequently precedes a V7 chord, making it an effective tool for modulation and resolution.
4. The use of Neapolitan Sixth chords can add a sense of drama and tension within a piece due to its chromatic nature.
5. Composers like Beethoven and Chopin effectively used the Neapolitan Sixth to explore emotional depth in their harmonic language.

Review Questions

• How does the Neapolitan Sixth function within harmonic progressions, particularly regarding its relationship with the dominant chord?
  • The Neapolitan Sixth functions as a predominant chord that creates tension leading to the dominant chord. Typically found in first inversion, this chord prepares for resolution by moving smoothly into the V7 chord. Its unique structure, built on a lowered second scale degree, provides a chromatic element that enhances the transition, making it an essential tool for composers looking to create a sense of drama and movement in their music.
• Discuss how composers have historically utilized the Neapolitan Sixth in their works and its impact on chromatic modulation.
  • Composers such as Beethoven and Chopin have historically used the Neapolitan Sixth as an effective tool for creating emotional depth and facilitating chromatic modulation. By introducing this chord into their harmonic language, they were able to shift tonal centers smoothly and evoke different feelings throughout their compositions. The Neapolitan Sixth not only enriches harmonic texture but also heightens tension and anticipation before resolving to dominant chords, making it a powerful element in tonal music.
• Evaluate how understanding the Neapolitan Sixth can enhance your overall comprehension of chromatic harmony and its application in various musical styles.
  • Understanding the Neapolitan Sixth enhances comprehension of chromatic harmony by illustrating how non-diatonic chords can be strategically used to create tension and resolution in music. This awareness allows musicians to identify and apply these harmonic devices across different styles, from classical to modern genres. Analyzing its role helps deepen insight into how composers manipulate harmonic structure for emotional impact, revealing layers of complexity that define musical narratives.

Related terms

Predominant Chord: A chord that precedes the dominant chord in a harmonic progression, often creating tension that resolves to the dominant.

Chromatic Harmony: The use of chords and notes that are outside the diatonic scale of a piece, adding color and complexity to the music.

First Inversion: A chord voicing where the root is not the lowest note; instead, the third of the chord is in the bass position.