I-vi-iv-v

Definition

The i-vi-iv-v chord progression is a common sequence in tonal music that outlines a specific pattern of harmonic movement, starting on the tonic minor chord, moving to the relative major chord, followed by the subdominant and resolving on the dominant chord. This progression creates a sense of tension and resolution that is foundational in creating memorable melodies and emotional depth in compositions. It's particularly popular in pop music and can be used to evoke feelings of nostalgia or longing.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The i-vi-iv-v progression often appears in minor keys, starting with the tonic minor chord (i), which gives it a darker tone.
2. This progression can be found in many popular songs across various genres, demonstrating its versatility and emotional impact.
3. The movement from vi to iv represents a shift from relative major back to the subdominant in a minor context, creating an interesting harmonic contrast.
4. Using this progression helps establish a strong emotional narrative, as it captures feelings of tension followed by resolution, making it effective for songwriting.
5. Musicians frequently use variations of this progression to add interest, such as substituting seventh chords or adding passing chords between the primary chords.

Review Questions

• How does the i-vi-iv-v progression contribute to emotional expression in music?
  • The i-vi-iv-v progression contributes significantly to emotional expression by creating a journey through tension and resolution. Starting on the tonic minor chord (i), it evokes a sense of melancholy or introspection. Moving to the relative major (vi) and then to the subdominant (iv) heightens this emotional narrative before resolving on the dominant (v), which prepares listeners for resolution back to the tonic. This pattern effectively communicates complex feelings, making it popular in songwriting.
• Compare and contrast the functions of tonic, subdominant, and dominant chords within the context of the i-vi-iv-v progression.
  • In the i-vi-iv-v progression, the tonic (i) establishes the home base, providing stability and emotional depth. The subdominant (iv) acts as a transitional chord that adds tension without fully resolving it, allowing for movement away from the tonic. The dominant (v), on the other hand, creates a stronger sense of tension that demands resolution back to the tonic. Together, these chords create a dynamic harmonic structure that is both engaging and satisfying for listeners.
• Evaluate how variations of the i-vi-iv-v progression can influence a piece's overall character and style.
  • Variations of the i-vi-iv-v progression can significantly influence a piece's character and style by altering harmonic texture and emotional impact. For instance, using seventh chords or incorporating additional passing chords can introduce richer harmonies and complex emotions. Different rhythmic patterns or instrumentation can also change how this progression feels within a piece, making it more upbeat or somber. By adjusting these elements, composers can tailor their music to evoke specific feelings or match particular genres while maintaining the core essence of this powerful progression.

Related terms

Tonic:

The first scale degree of a musical scale, serving as the home base or point of rest in tonal music.

Dominant: The fifth scale degree in a key, which creates tension and seeks resolution back to the tonic, often represented by the V chord.

Subdominant:

The fourth scale degree in a key, providing a transition between the tonic and dominant chords, typically represented by the IV chord.