I-vi-ii-v progression

Definition

The i-vi-ii-v progression is a common chord sequence used in tonal music, particularly in the context of minor keys. This progression involves moving from the tonic chord (i) to the submediant (vi), then to the supertonic (ii), and finally resolving to the dominant (v). This sequence creates a strong sense of movement and can often lead back to the tonic or create tension that resolves effectively within a piece.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The i-vi-ii-v progression is primarily used in minor keys but can also be applied in modal contexts for unique effects.
2. In this progression, the vi chord provides a contrasting major sound that adds color and emotional depth.
3. The ii chord often serves as a pre-dominant function leading to the dominant (v) chord, creating a strong harmonic motion.
4. This progression is widely utilized in various musical genres, including pop, jazz, and classical, demonstrating its versatility.
5. The resolution from v back to i can create a satisfying return to the home key, reinforcing the tonal center.

Review Questions

• How does the i-vi-ii-v progression contribute to tension and resolution in a piece of music?
  • The i-vi-ii-v progression contributes to tension and resolution by creating a pathway through harmonic movement. The tonic (i) establishes the home base, while moving to the submediant (vi) introduces a contrasting sound. The transition to the supertonic (ii) prepares for the climax at the dominant (v), where tension peaks. Finally, resolving back to the tonic provides closure and satisfaction, making this progression effective in crafting musical narratives.
• Discuss how the characteristics of seventh chords can enhance the i-vi-ii-v progression in minor keys.
  • Incorporating seventh chords into the i-vi-ii-v progression can greatly enhance its harmonic richness and emotional depth. For example, using a vii°7 chord as part of the ii chord can increase tension before resolving to the dominant (v7). The addition of these seventh tones creates more dissonance that yearns for resolution. This not only intensifies the progression but also adds complexity that keeps listeners engaged.
• Evaluate how different musical styles utilize the i-vi-ii-v progression to achieve distinct emotional effects.
  • Different musical styles utilize the i-vi-ii-v progression in varied ways to evoke distinct emotional responses. In pop music, this sequence might create a nostalgic or uplifting feel due to its simple yet effective structure. Jazz musicians may embellish this progression with extended harmonies and altered chords, resulting in a more complex emotional palette. Classical composers might use this progression as part of larger forms, employing it to heighten drama or resolve tension within thematic development. Thus, the same chord progression can convey multiple emotions based on style and context.

Related terms

Tonic: The first scale degree and the central chord of a key, providing a sense of resolution and stability.

Dominant: The fifth scale degree and chord in a key, which typically creates tension that seeks resolution to the tonic.

Seventh Chord: A chord made up of four notes that includes the root, third, fifth, and seventh degree, adding richness and complexity to harmony.