Dominant chord

Definition

A dominant chord is a five-chord structure built on the fifth degree of a scale, typically containing a major triad and a minor seventh. This chord plays a crucial role in tonal music, often leading to the resolution of tension by moving to the tonic chord. The dominant chord is essential for establishing harmonic progression and creating musical tension that resolves in the development of musical ideas.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The dominant chord is usually notated as V7 when it includes the seventh note, which adds tension that seeks resolution.
2. In the key of C major, the dominant chord is G7, consisting of the notes G, B, D, and F.
3. Dominant chords can be altered or extended, leading to various harmonic effects like secondary dominants or diminished chords.
4. The resolution from a dominant chord to the tonic creates a strong sense of closure in musical phrases.
5. In jazz and contemporary music, dominant chords often feature additional tensions like ninths or thirteenths to create richer harmonies.

Review Questions

• How does a dominant chord function within a harmonic progression?
  • A dominant chord functions as the tension point in harmonic progression, typically positioned before resolving to the tonic chord. Its role is vital as it creates an expectation for resolution, which enhances the emotional impact of the music. By using the dominant chord effectively, composers can craft compelling musical phrases that guide listeners through tonal landscapes.
• Discuss how altered dominant chords can change the character of a piece of music.
  • Altered dominant chords introduce new tensions and colors into harmonic progressions, allowing composers to create more complex and engaging musical ideas. For instance, incorporating alterations such as flat ninths or sharp elevenths can evoke different emotions or stylistic nuances. This approach can lead to unexpected resolutions and enhance the overall expressiveness of a piece.
• Evaluate the significance of dominant chords in both classical and modern genres of music.
  • Dominant chords hold significant importance across various musical styles, acting as foundational elements in both classical and modern genres. In classical music, they establish clear harmonic functions and resolve tension effectively, while in modern genres like jazz or pop, they allow for richer harmonies and emotional depth through alterations. Understanding their role can enhance one’s ability to analyze and create music across different contexts.

Related terms

Tonic:

The tonic is the first degree of a scale and serves as the home base or primary chord of a key, around which other chords are built.

Subdominant:

The subdominant is the fourth degree of a scale and acts as a bridge between the tonic and dominant chords, contributing to harmonic progression.

Cadence:

A cadence is a sequence of chords that brings music to a close or creates a pause, often involving the movement from a dominant chord to the tonic.