Michael Walzer

Definition

Michael Walzer is a prominent American political theorist best known for his work on just war theory and humanitarian intervention. He argues that states have a moral obligation to intervene in cases of severe human rights violations, but such interventions must be carefully justified to avoid imperialism or unwanted consequences. His ideas emphasize the importance of legitimacy, proportionality, and the protection of innocent lives in the context of military action.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Walzer's seminal work, 'Just and Unjust Wars,' published in 1977, significantly influenced modern just war theory and discussions around military ethics.
2. He argues that humanitarian intervention is justified when a state is committing atrocities against its own citizens, and this rationale should guide international responses.
3. Walzer emphasizes that military interventions must respect the principles of proportionality and discrimination to protect innocent lives.
4. He warns against interventions motivated by imperialistic ambitions, suggesting that they can lead to more harm than good and undermine the legitimacy of humanitarian efforts.
5. Walzer's views highlight the tension between state sovereignty and the moral imperative to intervene in cases of egregious human rights violations.

Review Questions

• How does Michael Walzer's view on humanitarian intervention balance the need for action with respect for state sovereignty?
  • Walzer believes that while state sovereignty is an important principle, it must be balanced against the moral obligation to prevent atrocities. He argues that when a state fails to protect its citizens or actively harms them, it loses its claim to sovereignty. Therefore, humanitarian intervention becomes not only justified but necessary in such cases, provided it adheres to principles of proportionality and discrimination.
• What are the ethical implications of Walzer's arguments regarding military interventions in cases of human rights violations?
  • The ethical implications of Walzer's arguments are significant as they challenge traditional views on sovereignty and non-intervention. By advocating for humanitarian intervention under certain conditions, he raises questions about when it is morally acceptable to violate a nation's sovereignty. This perspective prompts debates over the legitimacy of intervention, the criteria for justifying military action, and how to ensure that such actions genuinely protect vulnerable populations without causing further harm.
• Evaluate how Michael Walzer's ideas on humanitarian intervention contribute to contemporary international relations and debates surrounding military ethics.
  • Walzer's ideas on humanitarian intervention have profoundly impacted contemporary international relations by framing the debate on when it is permissible for states to intervene militarily in others' affairs. His focus on ethical criteria and moral responsibility has influenced doctrines like Responsibility to Protect (R2P), promoting a more nuanced understanding of state actions in crises. As international actors navigate complex situations involving human rights abuses, Walzer's principles offer a framework for evaluating interventions, pushing for accountability while recognizing the challenges posed by national interests and potential consequences.

Related terms

Just War Theory:

A doctrine that outlines the ethical criteria for justifying going to war (jus ad bellum) and conduct within war (jus in bello).

Sovereignty:

The principle that states have the right to govern themselves without external interference, which can complicate discussions about humanitarian intervention.

Responsibility to Protect (R2P):

An international norm that holds states accountable for protecting their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.