Conical intersections are points in a molecular system where two potential energy surfaces (PES) of different electronic states intersect, creating a conical shape when visualized in a three-dimensional energy landscape. These intersections play a critical role in the dynamics of excited states, influencing processes such as non-radiative relaxation, internal conversion, and photon absorption. Understanding conical intersections helps explain how molecules transition between electronic states efficiently and is crucial for predicting photochemical reactions.
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