Nazi Germany

Definition

Nazi Germany refers to the period from 1933 to 1945 when Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) ruled Germany, establishing a totalitarian regime based on ultranationalism, militarism, and racial purity. This era is characterized by aggressive expansionist policies, oppressive social control, and the horrific genocide of millions, particularly Jews, as part of the Holocaust. The connection between Nazi Germany and nationalism is profound, as the regime manipulated national identity to justify its actions and unite the population under a singular vision of a 'Greater Germany.'

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nazi Germany was marked by the implementation of totalitarian policies that suppressed dissent through state control of media, education, and public life.
2. The Nuremberg Laws, enacted in 1935, institutionalized racial discrimination against Jews and stripped them of German citizenship.
3. Under Hitler's regime, Germany pursued aggressive expansionist policies leading to the outbreak of World War II in 1939 after invading Poland.
4. The regime established concentration camps and extermination camps as part of its genocidal campaign during the Holocaust.
5. Nazi Germany's ideology glorified war and militarism, promoting a vision of national unity that resulted in widespread propaganda and public rallies.

Review Questions

• How did Nazi Germany's use of propaganda shape national identity and public perception during Hitler's rule?
  • Nazi Germany employed extensive propaganda to shape national identity by promoting ideals of Aryan superiority and fostering a sense of unity among the German people. This was achieved through various mediums such as films, posters, and rallies that glorified the state and its leadership. The regime utilized propaganda to demonize perceived enemies, particularly Jews and communists, thus justifying their oppressive policies and actions in the eyes of the populace.
• Discuss the ways in which ultranationalist ideologies influenced the policies enacted by Nazi Germany.
  • Ultranationalist ideologies heavily influenced Nazi policies by prioritizing the interests of the 'Aryan' race above all others. This led to systemic racism, xenophobia, and aggressive expansionism. The regime aimed to create a homogenous society through violent means, including ethnic cleansing and territorial conquest, believing this was necessary for national survival and growth. Such ideologies justified war as a means to achieve these goals, culminating in widespread human rights abuses.
• Evaluate the impact of Nazi Germany on Europe and its lasting implications for nationalism in modern history.
  • Nazi Germany had a profound impact on Europe through its aggressive military campaigns that altered national borders and relationships between countries. The devastation caused by World War II and the Holocaust highlighted the dangers of extreme nationalism and xenophobia. In modern history, this has led to increased awareness regarding human rights issues and has shaped contemporary discussions about nationalism. The aftermath also sparked movements toward international cooperation and human rights legislation aimed at preventing such atrocities from recurring.

Related terms

Fascism: A far-right political ideology that emphasizes authoritarianism, nationalism, and often militarism, seeking to create a centralized state led by a dictatorial leader.

Holocaust: The systematic extermination of six million Jews and millions of others deemed 'undesirable' by the Nazi regime during World War II.

Aryanism: An ideology that promoted the belief in the superiority of the Aryan race, which Nazis defined as racially pure Germans, leading to discriminatory policies and practices.