Utilitarianism

Definition

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that suggests the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or utility. It emphasizes the consequences of actions, arguing that the morally right choice is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number. This theory is often applied in decision-making processes, including those involving ethical considerations in interviews and representations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Utilitarianism originated with philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, who focused on maximizing happiness and minimizing suffering.
2. In interviews and representations, utilitarian principles can guide ethical decision-making by prioritizing the well-being of participants and audiences alike.
3. Utilitarianism can sometimes conflict with individual rights, as it may justify actions that harm a few for the benefit of many.
4. The theory has been critiqued for being overly simplistic, as it may not account for complex moral dilemmas where happiness is not easily quantifiable.
5. Utilitarianism encourages a systematic approach to ethical reasoning, often using cost-benefit analysis to evaluate potential outcomes of different actions.

Review Questions

• How does utilitarianism influence ethical decision-making in interviews?
  • Utilitarianism influences ethical decision-making in interviews by encouraging interviewers to consider the overall impact of their questions and interactions on both the interviewee and the audience. By prioritizing actions that lead to the greatest good, interviewers are more likely to create a supportive environment that respects participants' well-being while also providing valuable insights to viewers or readers. This approach fosters a more ethical and responsible representation of individuals' stories.
• What are some potential challenges faced when applying utilitarian principles in representing subjects during interviews?
  • When applying utilitarian principles in representing subjects during interviews, challenges can arise from balancing the greater good against individual rights. There may be instances where maximizing happiness for a larger audience could lead to misrepresenting an individual's story or experiences. This tension raises ethical dilemmas about whose happiness should be prioritized and whether sacrificing the interests of a few for the benefit of many is justifiable within ethical frameworks.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of utilitarianism as an ethical framework in ensuring fair representation during interviews.
  • Utilitarianism can be effective as an ethical framework in ensuring fair representation during interviews by promoting decisions that maximize overall positive outcomes for participants. However, its effectiveness can be compromised when faced with complex human experiences that cannot be easily quantified or reduced to mere numbers. By focusing solely on aggregate happiness, utilitarianism may overlook nuanced narratives and individual complexities, leading to potential misrepresentation. Thus, while it offers valuable insights into collective welfare, it should be used alongside other ethical theories to ensure more holistic and fair representations.

Related terms

Consequentialism: An ethical theory that judges the rightness of an action based solely on its outcomes or consequences.

Hedonism: The philosophical doctrine that pleasure or happiness is the highest good and the ultimate aim of human life.

Deontology:

An ethical theory that focuses on rules and duties, suggesting that certain actions are inherently right or wrong regardless of their consequences.