Frankenstein

Definition

Frankenstein is a novel written by Mary Shelley, published in 1818, that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a scientist who creates a creature through unorthodox experiments. This tale is a hallmark of the Gothic novel genre, exploring themes of isolation, the supernatural, and the darker sides of human ambition. Its chilling atmosphere, intense emotions, and ethical dilemmas align it with key characteristics typical of Gothic literature, particularly in its exploration of horror and the human psyche.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The full title of the novel is 'Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus', linking it to themes of creation and hubris.
2. The creature in 'Frankenstein' is often mischaracterized as 'Frankenstein' itself; in fact, it remains nameless throughout the book.
3. Mary Shelley conceived the idea for 'Frankenstein' during a summer spent in Switzerland with Lord Byron and others, where they challenged each other to write ghost stories.
4. The novel explores the consequences of playing God and delves into ethical questions about scientific responsibility.
5. 'Frankenstein' has been adapted into numerous films and cultural references, cementing its place in popular culture as a symbol of monstrous creation.

Review Questions

• How does the setting in 'Frankenstein' contribute to its status as a Gothic novel?
  • 'Frankenstein' features various settings that enhance its Gothic atmosphere, including desolate landscapes and dark laboratories. The contrast between nature's sublime beauty and the grotesque actions of Victor Frankenstein amplifies feelings of dread and isolation. These elements create a sense of foreboding that is essential to the overall mood of the narrative, drawing readers into the psychological horror experienced by both the creator and his creation.
• Discuss how 'Frankenstein' embodies key themes of isolation and ambition characteristic of Gothic literature.
  • 'Frankenstein' illustrates the profound isolation experienced by both Victor Frankenstein and his creature. Victor's obsessive ambition to conquer nature leads him to alienate himself from family and friends. Similarly, the creature suffers from rejection and loneliness due to its grotesque appearance. These themes highlight how unchecked ambition can lead to disastrous consequences, a common warning found within Gothic literature.
• Evaluate how Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' reflects concerns about scientific advancement during her time and its implications for humanity.
  • 'Frankenstein' serves as a cautionary tale about the rapid advancements in science during the early 19th century. Mary Shelley critiques the reckless pursuit of knowledge without consideration for ethical implications or human consequences. The novel raises important questions about responsibility in scientific endeavors, emphasizing that while human innovation can lead to great discoveries, it also carries the potential for profound moral dilemmas and societal repercussions. This reflection on science continues to resonate in contemporary discussions regarding technology and ethics.

Related terms

Gothic Elements: Key features often found in Gothic literature, including eerie settings, supernatural occurrences, and complex characters grappling with psychological turmoil.

Romanticism:

An artistic and literary movement that emphasized emotion, nature, and individualism, influencing the themes of personal suffering and exploration of human experience in 'Frankenstein'.

The Byronic Hero: A type of character often seen in Gothic literature, exemplified by Victor Frankenstein; this hero is typically brooding, rebellious, and plagued by personal demons.