Corinthian

Definition

Corinthian refers to one of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by its slender columns and ornate capitals adorned with acanthus leaves and scrolls. This style emerged in the late classical period and is distinguished from the other orders, such as Doric and Ionic, by its elaborate decorative elements and elegance. The Corinthian order became popular in Rome, especially during the Augustan period, influencing the design of various structures and monuments.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Corinthian order was first used in the late classical period and is attributed to Callimachus, a Greek architect who designed it for a temple dedicated to Aphrodite.
2. In Rome, the Corinthian style was favored for monumental architecture, including temples, basilicas, and public buildings during the Augustan era.
3. Corinthian columns are typically taller and more slender than Doric or Ionic columns, giving them a more elegant appearance.
4. The capitals of Corinthian columns are intricately decorated with acanthus leaves and floral motifs, symbolizing beauty and luxury.
5. Corinthian architecture influenced later styles, including Renaissance and Baroque designs, where the ornate features were adapted for new contexts.

Review Questions

• How does the Corinthian order differ from the Doric and Ionic orders in terms of design and aesthetics?
  • The Corinthian order differs significantly from both Doric and Ionic orders mainly in its design and aesthetic appeal. While Doric columns are sturdy with plain capitals emphasizing strength, and Ionic columns are more slender with scroll-like capitals focusing on elegance, Corinthian columns are even taller and more decorative. Their capitals feature elaborate designs with acanthus leaves, showcasing a level of ornamentation that reflects luxury and sophistication.
• Discuss the impact of Corinthian architecture on Roman monumental building during the Augustan period.
  • Corinthian architecture had a profound impact on Roman monumental building during the Augustan period as it became a preferred style for grand public structures. The elegance and intricate designs associated with Corinthian columns were utilized in temples, basilicas, and other civic buildings to convey power and cultural sophistication. This architectural choice helped define Rome's identity as a center of art and culture during this transformative era.
• Evaluate how the adoption of the Corinthian order influenced later architectural movements such as the Renaissance or Baroque.
  • The adoption of the Corinthian order significantly influenced later architectural movements like the Renaissance and Baroque by reintroducing classical elegance into modern designs. Architects drew inspiration from the ornate features of Corinthian columns to express grandeur in their works. This revival not only highlighted artistic beauty but also demonstrated how classical principles could be reinterpreted in new contexts, ultimately shaping Western architecture for centuries to come.

Related terms

Doric: The Doric order is the simplest of the three classical Greek architectural styles, featuring sturdy columns with plain capitals and no base, emphasizing strength and functionality.

Ionic: The Ionic order is known for its more slender proportions compared to Doric, characterized by volute scrolls on its capitals and often used in temples dedicated to female deities.

Entablature: The entablature is the horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice, playing a critical role in classical architecture.