Arch of Septimius Severus

Definition

The Arch of Septimius Severus is a monumental triumphal arch located in the Roman Forum, erected in AD 203 to commemorate the victories of Emperor Septimius Severus over the Parthians. This arch serves as an important example of Roman imperial propaganda, showcasing the military prowess of the emperor while also integrating architectural innovations that reflect the grandeur of the Roman Empire.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Arch of Septimius Severus was constructed to celebrate the military victories of Severus in the Parthian Wars, particularly his successful campaigns against the city of Ctesiphon.
2. The arch features detailed relief sculptures that depict scenes of battle, including soldiers and military equipment, which emphasize the strength and effectiveness of Severus' leadership.
3. It stands approximately 23 feet high and spans about 30 feet wide, showcasing a classic Roman design with a central arch flanked by two smaller arches.
4. Inscriptions on the arch honor both Severus and his sons, Caracalla and Geta, reinforcing the notion of dynastic continuity in Roman leadership.
5. The arch not only served as a commemorative monument but also played a role in the urban landscape of Rome, influencing later triumphal arches throughout history.

Review Questions

• How does the Arch of Septimius Severus exemplify the use of art as imperial propaganda in ancient Rome?
  • The Arch of Septimius Severus serves as a prime example of imperial propaganda through its elaborate relief sculptures and inscriptions that celebrate Severus' military victories. By prominently featuring scenes of battle and honoring both himself and his sons, it reinforces his legitimacy as an emperor and showcases his military prowess. The arch was strategically placed in the Roman Forum to ensure visibility and to convey messages about power and authority to both citizens and visitors.
• Discuss the significance of the Parthian Wars in relation to the Arch of Septimius Severus.
  • The Parthian Wars were crucial to the construction of the Arch of Septimius Severus as they provided the context for its erection. The arch commemorates Severus' victories over Parthia, particularly emphasizing his successful siege of Ctesiphon. These wars not only expanded Roman influence in the east but also allowed Severus to present himself as a strong military leader, justifying his reign and cementing his legacy within Roman history.
• Evaluate how the design elements of the Arch of Septimius Severus reflect broader trends in Roman architecture during its time.
  • The design elements of the Arch of Septimius Severus highlight significant trends in Roman architecture by showcasing grandiosity and intricate decoration. Its multi-arch structure, detailed reliefs, and use of inscriptions reflect an evolution in architectural styles aimed at expressing power and permanence. This reflects a broader trend in Roman architecture where structures not only served functional purposes but also acted as monuments to commemorate achievements and convey political narratives, paving the way for future monumental constructions in Rome.

Related terms

Triumphal Arch: A freestanding structure built to honor a victorious general or emperor, often featuring inscriptions and reliefs depicting military achievements.

Parthian Wars: A series of conflicts between the Roman Empire and the Parthian Empire, which were significant in shaping Rome's eastern frontier and its military strategy.

Imperial Propaganda: The use of art and architecture to convey political messages and promote the authority of emperors, often highlighting their achievements and divine favor.