Archaeology of Ancient China

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Qin shi huang

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Archaeology of Ancient China

Definition

Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a unified China, ruled from 221 to 210 BCE and is known for his significant role in unifying the various warring states into a single empire. His reign marked the beginning of the Qin dynasty, which established lasting administrative, cultural, and infrastructural changes, including standardization efforts and large-scale construction projects that shaped Chinese history.

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Qin Shi Huang centralized power by abolishing feudal states and establishing a system of commanderies and prefectures.
  2. He initiated massive construction projects such as the Great Wall of China, aiming to protect the newly unified state from invasions.
  3. His regime standardized currency, weights, measures, and even the width of cart axles to improve trade efficiency.
  4. The Terracotta Army, discovered in 1974, consists of thousands of life-sized figures created to accompany Qin Shi Huang in death, reflecting his power and beliefs about the afterlife.
  5. Despite his achievements, Qin Shi Huang's harsh policies and legalism led to widespread dissatisfaction and rebellion after his death.

Review Questions

  • How did Qin Shi Huang's policies contribute to the unification and centralization of China?
    • Qin Shi Huang implemented several key policies that facilitated the unification and centralization of China. By abolishing feudal states and introducing a system of commanderies and prefectures, he established a strong centralized government. Additionally, his efforts in standardizing weights, measures, currency, and even written script helped unify various regions culturally and economically, making it easier to govern the vast empire.
  • Discuss the impact of Qin Shi Huang's standardization reforms on trade and communication in ancient China.
    • Qin Shi Huang's standardization reforms significantly impacted trade and communication throughout ancient China. By creating uniform systems for currency, weights, measures, and writing, he facilitated smoother transactions and improved trade efficiency across regions. This uniformity not only enhanced economic interactions but also promoted cultural cohesion among the diverse populations within the newly unified empire.
  • Evaluate the long-term effects of Qin Shi Huang's rule on subsequent Chinese dynasties and their governance practices.
    • The long-term effects of Qin Shi Huang's rule profoundly influenced subsequent Chinese dynasties. His establishment of a centralized bureaucratic state became a model for future governance, emphasizing strong central authority combined with administrative efficiency. While later dynasties often softened the harsh legalist policies he implemented, they maintained his administrative structures and practices of standardization. This legacy contributed to a sense of national identity and continuity in China's political development.
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