Flanking maneuvers are military tactics designed to attack an enemy from the sides or rear, rather than from the front, in order to gain a strategic advantage. This approach disrupts the enemy's defensive formations and can lead to encirclement, making it more difficult for the opponent to respond effectively. In ancient warfare, including during the Shang dynasty, flanking maneuvers were critical for achieving victory by outsmarting and outmaneuvering larger or better-armed forces.
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