National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius is a landmark Supreme Court case decided in 2012 that upheld most provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), specifically addressing the constitutionality of the individual mandate requiring individuals to purchase health insurance. This case is pivotal as it highlights the balance between federal authority and state autonomy in healthcare policy, revealing the tensions within the American federal system regarding healthcare reform and state-level involvement in Medicaid expansion.
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