Epiphysis

Definition

The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone, which articulates with adjacent bones at joints and is covered with articular cartilage. This part of the bone plays a crucial role in growth and development, particularly during childhood and adolescence, as it contains the growth plate (physis) that allows for lengthening of the bone.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The epiphysis is essential for bone growth and development during childhood and adolescence, facilitating the increase in length through the growth plate.
2. In adults, the epiphyseal plate closes and is replaced by bone, resulting in the epiphysis becoming a solid structure that no longer contributes to lengthening.
3. Stress fractures often occur near the epiphysis due to repetitive forces or overuse, especially in athletes engaged in high-impact sports.
4. Osteoarthritis can affect the epiphysis since it involves the deterioration of articular cartilage that covers the epiphyseal ends of bones.
5. Proper nutrition and hormonal balance are crucial for maintaining healthy epiphyseal function and promoting normal growth during developmental years.

Review Questions

• How does the structure of the epiphysis contribute to its function in bone growth?
  • The structure of the epiphysis is designed to support its role in bone growth, as it contains the growth plate, or epiphyseal plate, made up of cartilage. This cartilage allows for new bone cells to be produced, facilitating lengthening as a person grows. The rounded shape of the epiphysis also enables smooth articulation with adjacent bones, providing stability and mobility at joints.
• Discuss how stress fractures can develop near the epiphysis and what factors contribute to this condition.
  • Stress fractures near the epiphysis often arise from repetitive stress on the bone without adequate rest or recovery. Athletes engaged in high-impact activities may experience microtrauma to the bone due to excessive training or poor technique. Factors such as inadequate nutrition, improper footwear, and underlying conditions like osteoporosis can increase susceptibility to these injuries, making it crucial to address these areas for prevention.
• Evaluate the implications of a closed epiphyseal plate on an athlete's performance and injury risk.
  • When the epiphyseal plate closes, it indicates that an athlete has reached skeletal maturity and their bones will no longer grow in length. While this can lead to increased stability and strength in adult athletes, it may also bring about an increased risk of injuries if proper training techniques and conditioning are not followed. Without further lengthening potential, any changes in body mechanics or repetitive stress can lead to conditions like arthritis or stress fractures, emphasizing the importance of maintaining overall health and proper biomechanics.

Related terms

Diaphysis: The diaphysis is the central shaft of a long bone, providing structural support and housing the medullary cavity where bone marrow is located.

Growth Plate: The growth plate, or epiphyseal plate, is a layer of cartilage at the epiphysis where new bone growth occurs, allowing for the lengthening of bones during development.

Articular Cartilage: Articular cartilage is a smooth tissue that covers the ends of bones at joints, reducing friction and absorbing shock during movement.