Stephen Krashen

Definition

Stephen Krashen is a prominent linguist and educational researcher best known for his theories on second language acquisition, particularly his Input Hypothesis. His work emphasizes the importance of comprehensible input in language learning, which is crucial for English language learners, especially those with disabilities, as they navigate both language and academic challenges.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Krashen argues that providing students with comprehensible input can significantly aid in their ability to learn a new language, which is especially vital for English language learners with disabilities.
2. His theories highlight the importance of creating low-anxiety environments where students feel safe to practice their language skills.
3. Krashen's work suggests that formal grammar instruction should not be the primary focus; instead, meaningful communication should drive language learning.
4. He believes that extensive reading in the target language can enhance vocabulary and comprehension skills among learners.
5. Understanding Krashen's theories can help educators develop strategies that cater to the unique needs of English language learners with disabilities, promoting better engagement and success.

Review Questions

• How does Stephen Krashen's Input Hypothesis apply to the teaching strategies for English language learners with disabilities?
  • Krashen's Input Hypothesis emphasizes the necessity of providing comprehensible input to facilitate language acquisition. For English language learners with disabilities, this means educators should present language material that is just above the student's current proficiency level while ensuring it remains understandable. This approach allows students to gradually build their skills without feeling overwhelmed, thus promoting confidence and effective learning.
• Evaluate how Krashen's Affective Filter Hypothesis can influence classroom dynamics for English language learners with disabilities.
  • The Affective Filter Hypothesis posits that emotional factors can impact a student's ability to acquire a new language. In classrooms with English language learners who have disabilities, it's critical to create supportive environments that reduce anxiety and encourage participation. By fostering positive relationships and utilizing engaging teaching methods, educators can lower students' affective filters, thereby enhancing their capacity to learn and communicate in English.
• Synthesize Krashen's theories with current practices in special education to improve outcomes for English language learners with disabilities.
  • By synthesizing Krashen's theories with modern special education practices, educators can develop holistic teaching methods that address both language acquisition and individual learning needs. Incorporating strategies such as differentiated instruction, scaffolding, and using technology can align well with Krashen's emphasis on comprehensible input and low-anxiety environments. This integrated approach ensures that English language learners with disabilities receive tailored support that not only respects their linguistic challenges but also promotes their overall academic success.

Related terms

Input Hypothesis: A theory proposed by Krashen stating that language learners acquire language most effectively when they are exposed to input that is slightly beyond their current proficiency level, known as 'i+1'.

Affective Filter Hypothesis: Krashen's concept suggesting that emotional factors such as anxiety and motivation can affect language acquisition; a high affective filter can hinder learning.

Natural Order Hypothesis: A theory by Krashen proposing that language acquisition follows a predictable order, and that some grammatical structures are acquired before others regardless of instruction.