Interval

Definition

An interval is the distance between two pitches, measured in terms of frequency. It is a fundamental concept in music that helps to understand how different notes relate to each other, creating harmony and melody. Intervals can be classified as consonant or dissonant, and their perception is influenced by the frequencies of the notes involved.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Intervals are typically described using terms like major, minor, perfect, augmented, and diminished, which indicate the specific distance between notes.
2. The smallest interval in Western music is the minor second, which corresponds to one half-step on a piano keyboard.
3. Intervals can be measured in terms of both pitch and frequency; for example, an octave represents a doubling of frequency.
4. Certain intervals, like the perfect fifth and major third, are considered consonant and create a sense of stability in music.
5. Intervals can also be expressed in terms of their numerical value (e.g., a third represents three scale degrees) and their corresponding frequency ratio.

Review Questions

• How do intervals contribute to the creation of harmony in music?
  • Intervals are essential for harmony because they define the relationships between different pitches. When notes are played simultaneously or sequentially, their intervals create a sense of consonance or dissonance. Consonant intervals tend to sound pleasant together, while dissonant intervals create tension that often resolves into consonance. Understanding these relationships allows composers and musicians to craft more emotionally resonant music.
• Discuss the significance of measuring intervals in terms of both pitch and frequency.
  • Measuring intervals in terms of pitch helps musicians understand the scale relationships between notes, while measuring them in frequency gives a more scientific perspective on how these sounds interact. For example, an octave is both a specific interval in music theory and represents a doubling of frequency. This duality enhances musical analysis and performance, as it connects artistic expression with physical properties of sound.
• Evaluate how different types of intervals affect the emotional quality of a piece of music.
  • Different types of intervals have distinct emotional qualities that can significantly impact a listener's experience. For instance, major intervals often convey happiness or brightness, while minor intervals evoke sadness or melancholy. Dissonant intervals may create feelings of tension or unease, prompting resolution to consonant intervals that bring relief. By carefully selecting intervals, composers can manipulate emotions throughout their works, guiding audiences through varied emotional landscapes.

Related terms

Frequency: The number of cycles per second of a sound wave, measured in Hertz (Hz), which determines the pitch of the sound.

Pitch: The perceived frequency of a sound, which determines how high or low a note sounds to the human ear.

Scale: A sequence of pitches in ascending or descending order that forms the basis for melodies and harmonies in music.