Supertonic

Definition

The supertonic is the second scale degree in a diatonic scale, positioned one step above the tonic. This chord is often used to create tension and movement in music, playing a vital role in chord progressions and harmony. The supertonic typically functions as a predominant chord, leading to the dominant chord and establishing a sense of direction within a piece.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In the key of C major, the supertonic note is D, and the supertonic chord is D minor (D-F-A).
2. The supertonic chord commonly appears in ii-V-I progressions, where it helps transition smoothly to the dominant chord.
3. Supertonic chords can create a sense of anticipation and are often used in various musical genres for their ability to propel the harmony forward.
4. When using a supertonic chord, composers might also incorporate altered tensions to enhance its effectiveness and emotional impact.
5. In minor keys, the supertonic chord often appears as a diminished chord, providing a unique sound that can lead effectively to the dominant.

Review Questions

• How does the supertonic function within common chord progressions?
  • The supertonic serves as a predominant chord that creates tension leading into the dominant chord. In common progressions like ii-V-I, the supertonic chord connects harmonically to both the dominant and tonic, establishing a strong sense of resolution. This movement from supertonic to dominant emphasizes the directional flow of music, making it crucial for building harmonic progressions.
• Compare and contrast the roles of supertonic and tonic chords within a musical context.
  • While the tonic serves as the home base or resolution point in music, providing stability and rest, the supertonic plays a contrasting role by creating tension that propels harmony forward. The tonic is where melodies resolve, whereas the supertonic leads to further development in progression. Together, they create balance in musical structure by alternating between tension (supertonic) and resolution (tonic).
• Evaluate how understanding the supertonic contributes to effective songwriting techniques across various genres.
  • Understanding the supertonic enhances songwriting by allowing composers to create dynamic emotional arcs through tension and resolution. By strategically incorporating supertonic chords into progressions, songwriters can evoke feelings of anticipation before resolving them with the tonic. This knowledge also enables experimentation with different harmonic relationships and voice leading, enriching compositions across genres from pop to classical, ultimately improving overall musical expression.

Related terms

Tonic: The tonic is the first scale degree of a diatonic scale, serving as the home note or foundation of the key.

Dominant: The dominant is the fifth scale degree in a diatonic scale, known for creating tension that resolves back to the tonic.

Subdominant: The subdominant is the fourth scale degree in a diatonic scale, which often precedes the dominant in chord progressions.