The metal-insulator transition (MIT) is a quantum phase transition where a material changes from a conductive metallic state to an insulating state, or vice versa, typically due to variations in temperature, pressure, or other external factors. This phenomenon is crucial in understanding electronic properties in solids and is closely linked to the behavior of electrons in lattice structures, particularly in models like the tight-binding model, which helps explain how electron localization can lead to this transition.
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