Jain

Definition

Jain refers to an adherent of Jainism, an ancient Indian religion that emphasizes non-violence, truth, and asceticism. Jains believe in the concept of karma and the cycle of birth and rebirth, and they strive for liberation (moksha) through ethical living and spiritual discipline. The religion is notable for its strict adherence to non-violence, which extends to all living beings, making it a unique perspective within the broader context of religious practice.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Jainism is one of the oldest religions in India, dating back over 2,500 years, and has a rich philosophical tradition.
2. The community is divided into two major sects: Digambara and Svetambara, which differ in practices and beliefs regarding asceticism and women's ability to achieve liberation.
3. Jains celebrate several important festivals such as Paryushana, which focuses on self-reflection, forgiveness, and renewal of faith.
4. Jains follow strict dietary restrictions, primarily vegetarianism, avoiding harm to any living creature, which exemplifies their commitment to ahimsa.
5. The influence of Jain values extends beyond their own community; many concepts related to non-violence and environmental ethics have permeated Indian culture and are embraced by other religions.

Review Questions

• How do Jain beliefs about karma influence their ethical behavior in everyday life?
  • In Jainism, the belief in karma significantly shapes ethical behavior since adherents understand that their actions have direct consequences on their future lives. Jains strive to live morally upright lives by practicing non-violence (ahimsa), truthfulness, and compassion toward all living beings. This commitment not only promotes personal spiritual growth but also fosters a broader sense of responsibility towards society and the environment.
• Discuss the differences between the Digambara and Svetambara sects of Jainism regarding practices and beliefs about asceticism.
  • The Digambara sect of Jainism believes that asceticism requires complete renunciation of worldly possessions, including clothing, thus emphasizing a higher degree of detachment from material goods. In contrast, the Svetambara sect allows for wearing white robes and believes women can achieve liberation as well. These differing views on ascetic practices reflect deeper theological differences within Jainism about gender roles and the path to spiritual enlightenment.
• Evaluate the impact of Jain principles on contemporary discussions around non-violence and environmental ethics in a global context.
  • Jain principles have significantly influenced contemporary discussions about non-violence and environmental ethics, particularly through the promotion of ahimsa as a guiding value. As global awareness about environmental issues grows, Jain teachings advocate for a lifestyle that minimizes harm to living beings and emphasizes sustainability. The intersection of these values resonates with movements advocating for peace and ecological responsibility, suggesting that ancient religious tenets can play a crucial role in addressing modern challenges related to violence and environmental degradation.

Related terms

Ahimsa: The principle of non-violence towards all living beings, which is central to Jainism and greatly influences the ethical framework of its followers.

Tirthankara: A revered teacher in Jainism who has achieved liberation and guides others on the path to spiritual enlightenment, with Mahavira being the most recent Tirthankara.

Karma: The concept in Jainism that describes the moral law of cause and effect, where one's actions (good or bad) determine future circumstances and rebirths.