Anselm of Canterbury

Definition

Anselm of Canterbury was an influential theologian and philosopher in the 11th century, best known for formulating the ontological argument for the existence of God. He sought to understand faith and reason, emphasizing that belief in God must be accompanied by rational inquiry. Anselm's work laid a significant foundation for natural theology, where he believed that human reason could be used to understand divine truths and that faith and understanding were intertwined.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Anselm's major works include 'Proslogion,' where he presents his ontological argument, and 'Monologion,' which discusses the nature of God.
2. He was a key figure in the development of medieval philosophy, bridging the gap between early Christian thought and later scholasticism.
3. Anselm argued that God's existence is necessary because a God who exists is greater than a God who does not, thus emphasizing that existence is a perfection.
4. He faced challenges from contemporary thinkers who questioned his ideas, particularly about the relationship between faith and reason.
5. Anselm’s ideas influenced later philosophers, including Descartes and Kant, making him a foundational figure in the discourse surrounding natural theology.

Review Questions

• How did Anselm of Canterbury contribute to the development of natural theology through his writings?
  • Anselm contributed to natural theology by arguing that human reason could lead to an understanding of God. His formulation of the ontological argument demonstrated that rational thought could affirm God's existence. This approach encouraged scholars to use philosophical reasoning alongside theological beliefs, paving the way for future debates on faith and reason.
• Evaluate the significance of Anselm's motto 'Faith Seeking Understanding' in relation to his theological work.
  • Anselm's motto 'Faith Seeking Understanding' underscores his belief that faith is not blind but should be accompanied by intellectual pursuit. This idea was significant as it promoted a harmonious relationship between belief and rational thought. It suggested that while faith is essential, seeking understanding through reason enriches one’s spiritual journey and solidifies one's beliefs.
• Analyze how Anselm's ontological argument has shaped philosophical discussions about God's existence from his time to the present day.
  • Anselm's ontological argument has had a profound impact on philosophical discussions about God's existence throughout history. His assertion that God's essence includes existence has sparked debate among philosophers and theologians alike. Subsequent thinkers like Descartes expanded on Anselm’s ideas, while critics such as Kant challenged the validity of reasoning about God's existence in this way. This ongoing dialogue reflects Anselm's lasting influence on both philosophy and theology, showing how foundational his thoughts were for later explorations into the nature of divinity.

Related terms

Ontological Argument: A philosophical argument proposed by Anselm that asserts God's existence is based on the concept of a being than which nothing greater can be conceived.

Faith Seeking Understanding: Anselm's motto that expresses the idea that faith should lead to deeper understanding, emphasizing the relationship between belief and reason.

Scholasticism: A medieval school of thought that sought to reconcile faith with reason, heavily influenced by the works of Anselm and other theologians.