Shikhara

Definition

A shikhara is a towering, often ornate spire or peak that rises above the sanctum of a Hindu temple, symbolizing the connection between the earthly and the divine. Typically found in North Indian temple architecture, it represents the sacred mountain, Mount Meru, believed to be the axis of the universe in Hindu cosmology. The design and height of the shikhara can vary, but it plays a crucial role in distinguishing different temple styles and their architectural significance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Shikharas are prominent features of North Indian temples, especially those dedicated to Hindu deities, marking them visually and symbolically.
2. The architectural style of the shikhara can differ significantly across various regions in India, including Nagara, Dravidian, and Vesara styles.
3. In many temples, decorative elements like carvings and sculptures adorn the shikhara, showcasing mythological themes and local artistry.
4. The height of a shikhara is often considered an indicator of a temple's significance and importance within its community.
5. Some shikharas have a rounded shape at the top, called an 'amalaka,' which is often topped with a kalasha (sacred pot), enhancing its spiritual symbolism.

Review Questions

• How does the design of a shikhara reflect the spiritual beliefs in Hindu cosmology?
  • The design of a shikhara embodies the concept of Mount Meru, which is regarded as the center of the universe in Hindu cosmology. This towering structure not only elevates the temple visually but also symbolizes a pathway between earth and heaven, encouraging devotees to connect with the divine. The grandeur and height of the shikhara reflect its importance in spiritual practices, serving as a reminder of sacred geography within Hindu beliefs.
• Discuss the regional variations in shikhara architecture and how these differences influence temple identity.
  • Shikhara architecture showcases significant regional variations that are influenced by local traditions, materials, and religious practices. For instance, Nagara-style temples feature curvilinear shikharas that taper elegantly towards the top, while Dravidian temples have pyramid-like structures called vimanas. These architectural distinctions help define temple identity within their respective communities, making them unique markers of cultural heritage and religious significance.
• Evaluate the role of decorative elements on shikharas and their impact on the overall experience of worshippers at Hindu temples.
  • Decorative elements on shikharas play an essential role in enhancing both aesthetic appeal and spiritual atmosphere within Hindu temples. These carvings and sculptures often depict intricate mythological narratives that invite contemplation and reverence among worshippers. As visitors approach the temple, these embellishments serve not only as visual storytelling but also as conduits for devotion, enriching their experience and fostering a deeper connection with the divine while entering the sacred space.

Related terms

garbhagriha:

The innermost sanctum of a Hindu temple where the main deity is enshrined, often located directly beneath the shikhara.

mandapa:

A pillared hall or pavilion in a Hindu temple that serves as a gathering space for worshippers and rituals, typically leading to the garbhagriha.

vimana:

The term used primarily in South Indian temple architecture to refer to the tower over the sanctum, similar in function to the shikhara but stylistically different.