Agamas

Definition

Agamas are a collection of scriptures central to Jainism, which provide the foundational teachings and guidelines for the faith. These texts cover various aspects of Jain philosophy, rituals, ethics, and practices, serving as essential sources of knowledge for Jains. The Agamas play a crucial role in the spiritual and communal life of Jain adherents, shaping their understanding of reality and moral conduct.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Agamas are primarily divided into two categories: the Angas, which are canonical texts, and the Upangas, which are supplementary texts that elaborate on various topics.
2. These scriptures were composed after the time of Mahavira and are believed to be based on his teachings as transmitted by his followers.
3. The Agamas emphasize the importance of non-violence (ahimsa) and truth (satya) as core principles guiding the lives of Jains.
4. Different sects within Jainism may have varying interpretations and collections of Agama texts, with the Svetambara and Digambara traditions having distinct scriptures.
5. The study and recitation of Agama texts are integral to Jain rituals and community gatherings, reinforcing their teachings in daily practices.

Review Questions

• How do the Agamas influence the ethical teachings within Jainism?
  • The Agamas serve as the primary source for ethical teachings in Jainism, laying down principles such as non-violence (ahimsa) and truthfulness (satya). These texts provide guidelines for moral conduct, encouraging followers to live harmoniously with all living beings and to practice restraint in their actions. The teachings found in the Agamas guide Jains in their daily lives and spiritual practices, shaping their ethical framework.
• What is the difference between the Angas and Upangas within the Agama texts, and how does this distinction impact Jain practices?
  • The Angas are considered the main canonical scriptures of Jainism, while the Upangas serve as supplementary texts that expand on various subjects found in the Angas. This distinction affects Jain practices by providing a structured approach to understanding core teachings while allowing for a broader interpretation through additional texts. Practitioners rely on both categories to deepen their understanding of doctrine and engage in rituals that reflect these teachings.
• Evaluate the role of the Agamas in shaping the development of different sects within Jainism, including Svetambara and Digambara traditions.
  • The Agamas play a critical role in distinguishing between different sects within Jainism, particularly the Svetambara and Digambara traditions. Each sect has its own set of Agama texts, leading to variations in interpretations, practices, and beliefs. This divergence illustrates how foundational scriptures can influence doctrinal development over time, contributing to distinct identities among Jains. Understanding these differences is essential for comprehending the broader landscape of Jain religious life and its historical evolution.

Related terms

Tattvas: The fundamental principles or realities in Jain philosophy, including concepts such as soul (jiva), matter (pudgala), and karma.

Mahavira:

The 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, whose teachings and life are foundational to Jain beliefs and ethics, often referenced in the Agamas.

Syadvada: A key doctrine in Jain philosophy emphasizing the relativity of truth and the idea that truth can be understood from multiple perspectives.