Augustine of Hippo

Definition

Augustine of Hippo was an influential Christian theologian and philosopher in the late Roman Empire, known for his writings that shaped Western Christianity and philosophy. His ideas about original sin, grace, and the nature of human sexuality greatly impacted religious attitudes towards sexuality, emphasizing a complex relationship between the body and soul and often viewing sexuality with suspicion.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Augustine believed that sexual desire is a result of original sin, leading to a negative view of human sexuality.
2. His writings, especially 'Confessions' and 'City of God,' articulate the struggle between spiritual aspirations and earthly desires.
3. Augustine argued that while sex within marriage is acceptable, it should primarily be for procreation rather than pleasure.
4. He introduced the concept of 'disordered loves,' suggesting that misaligned desires lead to moral corruption.
5. His thoughts laid the groundwork for later Christian teachings on chastity and celibacy as virtues.

Review Questions

• How did Augustine of Hippo's views on original sin shape his understanding of human sexuality?
  • Augustine's belief in original sin posits that humanity is inherently flawed due to Adam and Eve's transgression. This perspective led him to view sexual desire as tainted by sin, creating a tension between the physical body and spiritual aspirations. He believed that even marital sexual activity should be approached with caution, as it could distract from one's spiritual life and connection to God.
• In what ways did Augustine's 'Confessions' reflect his struggles with sexuality and desire?
  • In 'Confessions,' Augustine candidly discusses his youthful indiscretions and the inner turmoil he faced due to conflicting desires. His narrative illustrates how he wrestled with lust and the pursuit of a morally upright life. This work not only highlights his personal battles but also serves as a broader commentary on the struggle between earthly pleasures and spiritual fulfillment, influencing Christian views on sexuality.
• Evaluate the impact of Augustine of Hippo's teachings on later Christian doctrine regarding sexuality and morality.
  • Augustine's teachings profoundly influenced subsequent Christian thought on sexuality, particularly in shaping the doctrines of sin and morality. His emphasis on original sin positioned sexual desire as something to be controlled, leading to the promotion of celibacy and chastity within the church. Over time, these ideas solidified into core tenets of Christian doctrine that continued to affect attitudes towards sexuality for centuries, framing it as both a natural human impulse and a potential source of moral failure.

Related terms

Original Sin: The doctrine that humanity inherits a fallen state from Adam and Eve's disobedience, influencing Augustine's views on human nature and sexuality.

Confessions: Augustine's autobiographical work that details his sinful youth and eventual conversion to Christianity, illustrating his struggles with issues of desire and sexuality.

Pelagianism: A theological belief that emphasized human free will to achieve salvation, which Augustine opposed by stressing the necessity of divine grace.