Tractarianism refers to a theological and social movement within the Church of England that emerged in the 19th century, primarily associated with the Oxford Movement. This movement sought to restore traditional Catholic practices and beliefs within Anglicanism, emphasizing the importance of liturgy, the sacraments, and apostolic succession. Tractarians advocated for a deeper spirituality and a more sacramental understanding of faith, which significantly influenced both religious thought and literature during this period.
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Tractarianism was largely developed by figures such as John Henry Newman and Edward Bouverie Pusey, who wrote extensively to promote its principles.
The movement was named after a series of pamphlets known as the 'Tracts for the Times,' published between 1833 and 1841, which articulated its theological positions.
Tractarians argued against the increasing secularization of society and sought to reintroduce a sense of mystery and reverence in worship through a focus on liturgical practices.
The influence of Tractarianism extended beyond religion into literature, inspiring authors like Gerard Manley Hopkins and T.S. Eliot, who incorporated its themes into their works.
The tensions between Tractarians and more evangelical Anglicans led to significant controversies within the Church of England, influencing debates about identity and theology that continue today.
Review Questions
How did Tractarianism respond to the changing religious landscape of 19th-century England?
Tractarianism emerged as a response to the growing secularization and liberal theological trends in 19th-century England. Proponents sought to revive traditional Catholic practices within Anglicanism, emphasizing the significance of the sacraments, liturgy, and a sense of mystery in worship. This response aimed to counteract what they saw as a loss of spiritual depth and integrity in the church, attempting to foster a richer religious experience amidst societal changes.
Discuss the literary impact of Tractarianism on authors and poets during its prominence.
Tractarianism significantly influenced literature in the 19th century by encouraging writers to explore themes of spirituality, tradition, and the importance of religious experience. Authors like Gerard Manley Hopkins were inspired by Tractarian ideals, which can be seen in their use of vivid imagery and deep emotional resonance in their poetry. The movement's emphasis on sacramental life and a return to rich liturgical traditions found expression in literary works that reflected these values, contributing to a resurgence of interest in spiritual subjects.
Evaluate the long-term effects of Tractarianism on contemporary Anglican identity and practices.
The long-term effects of Tractarianism on contemporary Anglican identity are profound, shaping both theological understanding and worship practices within the Church of England. It established a framework for high churchmanship that persists today, influencing debates about liturgy, the role of tradition, and sacramental theology. Additionally, the movement's insistence on apostolic succession continues to inform discussions on ecclesiastical authority, contributing to ongoing dialogues about identity within Anglicanism as it navigates modern challenges while seeking to maintain its historical roots.
Related terms
Oxford Movement: A 19th-century movement within the Church of England aimed at returning to the Catholic roots of Anglicanism, advocating for high church practices and emphasizing tradition.
Apostolic Succession: The uninterrupted transmission of spiritual authority from the apostles through successive popes and bishops, which Tractarians believed was essential for valid sacraments.
Liturgy: The prescribed form or set of forms for public worship in a church, which Tractarians emphasized as vital for spiritual life and connection to the divine.