Tess of the d'Urbervilles

Definition

Tess of the d'Urbervilles is a novel by Thomas Hardy that tells the tragic story of Tess Durbeyfield, a young woman of lower social status who discovers her connection to a noble lineage. The narrative delves into themes of fate, social criticism, and the struggles between personal desire and societal expectations, reflecting the era's tension between scientific advancements and traditional religious beliefs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The novel was first published in 1891 and is considered one of Hardy's masterpieces, showcasing his critiques of Victorian society.
2. Tess is often viewed as a symbol of innocence corrupted by societal forces and fate, illustrating the struggles faced by women in a patriarchal society.
3. Hardy uses symbolism throughout the novel, particularly in the use of nature to reflect Tess's internal struggles and the oppressive societal norms she faces.
4. The character of Angel Clare represents both hope and disappointment for Tess, embodying the conflict between romantic ideals and harsh realities.
5. Hardy's work challenges traditional religious beliefs by presenting a more complex view of morality and divine justice, questioning the existence of a benevolent deity in light of human suffering.

Review Questions

• How does Hardy portray Tess as a victim of both society and fate throughout the novel?
  • Hardy portrays Tess as a victim through her experiences that highlight societal constraints and personal misfortunes. From her initial misidentification as a d'Urberville to her tragic relationships, Tess faces relentless obstacles that strip her of agency. These events illustrate how both societal expectations and fate conspire against her, making her tragedy a commentary on the limitations imposed by her environment.
• Discuss how 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles' reflects the tensions between scientific advancements and religious beliefs during its time.
  • The novel reflects tensions between scientific advancements and religious beliefs through its exploration of determinism and social critique. As Hardy illustrates characters grappling with their identities amidst changing societal norms, he raises questions about moral responsibility in an increasingly scientific world. This conflict is particularly evident in Tess's struggles with her lineage and social standing, juxtaposed with evolving notions of morality that challenge traditional religious views.
• Evaluate the impact of Hardy's treatment of gender roles in 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles' and how it connects to broader societal changes.
  • Hardy's treatment of gender roles in 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles' serves as a critique of Victorian expectations and highlights the need for social reform. By depicting Tess's suffering due to rigid gender norms, Hardy emphasizes how society marginalizes women based on their sexuality and status. This portrayal not only reflects broader societal changes towards gender equality but also invites readers to question the validity of existing moral standards in light of evolving gender dynamics.

Related terms

Naturalism: A literary movement that emphasizes a deterministic view of human behavior and the influence of environment and heredity on individuals.

Victorian Morality: A set of values associated with the Victorian era, often emphasizing propriety, sexual restraint, and a strict code of conduct.

Social Darwinism: A social theory that applies concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to human societies, often used to justify social inequality.