Poseidon

Definition

Poseidon is the Greek god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses, one of the twelve Olympian deities in ancient Greek mythology. As a major figure in Greek religious beliefs, Poseidon represents the unpredictable nature of the ocean and its power over human lives. He is often depicted holding a trident, symbolizing his dominion over water and his ability to cause storms and earthquakes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Poseidon was known for his temperamental nature, often causing storms at sea and earthquakes on land when angered.
2. He had a major rivalry with Athena for control over Athens, which ultimately led to Athena being chosen as the city's patron goddess after she offered the olive tree.
3. Poseidon was also associated with horses; myths state he created the first horse and was considered a protector of horse racing and equestrian activities.
4. His symbols include the trident, which he used to create springs and cause earthquakes, demonstrating his power over both land and sea.
5. Worship of Poseidon was widespread among sailors and coastal communities, who would pray to him for safe voyages and bountiful catches.

Review Questions

• How does Poseidon's character reflect the ancient Greeks' understanding of nature and its forces?
  • Poseidon's character embodies the ancient Greeks' reverence and fear of nature, particularly the ocean's vastness and unpredictability. As the god of the sea, he represents both the life-giving aspects of water as well as its potential for destruction through storms and earthquakes. This duality reflects how the Greeks sought to appease powerful natural forces through rituals and offerings to ensure safe travels and protection from disasters.
• Discuss the significance of Poseidon's rivalry with Athena in shaping Athenian identity.
  • Poseidon's rivalry with Athena for control over Athens highlights the importance of divine favor in shaping Athenian identity. While Poseidon offered a saltwater spring, Athena presented an olive tree symbolizing peace and prosperity. The Athenians chose Athena as their patron goddess, which led to her worship being central to their culture. This myth underscores how the Athenian values of wisdom and resourcefulness took precedence over brute strength or power associated with Poseidon.
• Evaluate Poseidon's role within the pantheon of Greek gods and its impact on classical literature's themes of human struggle against nature.
  • Poseidon's role as a major deity in Greek mythology illustrates humanity's struggle against nature's unpredictability. In various works of classical literature, such as Homer's 'Odyssey,' his actions directly affect human characters' fates, often serving as an antagonist who brings challenges that heroes must overcome. This relationship between gods like Poseidon and mortals reflects broader themes in classical literature where human beings navigate their existence amidst powerful forces beyond their control, highlighting a tension between human agency and divine will.

Related terms

Zeus:

The king of the gods in Greek mythology, Zeus is the god of the sky and thunder, ruling over Mount Olympus and holding supreme authority among the Olympians.

Hades: The god of the underworld in Greek mythology, Hades is Poseidon's brother and represents death and the afterlife, governing the realm of the dead.

Nereids: The fifty sea nymphs who are daughters of Nereus, often depicted as beautiful maidens, they are followers of Poseidon and represent various aspects of the sea.