Empiricism

Definition

Empiricism is a philosophical theory that asserts that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience and observation. This approach emphasizes the importance of evidence gathered through the senses, rather than relying on intuition or revelation. In literature, this shift towards valuing observable evidence over dogma is significant, as it influences critiques of traditional beliefs and challenges faith-based perspectives.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Empiricism gained prominence during the Enlightenment, challenging religious dogma by advocating for reason and observation as paths to knowledge.
2. Key figures like John Locke and David Hume were foundational in developing empiricist thought, influencing literary critiques of religion.
3. Victorian literature often reflects a crisis of faith fueled by empirical skepticism, questioning previously held religious beliefs in light of scientific discoveries.
4. The advent of scientific advancements during this period led to increasing uncertainty about religious narratives, highlighting the tension between faith and empirical evidence.
5. Empiricism's influence can be seen in the works of poets and novelists who grappled with themes of doubt, faith, and the nature of existence in a rapidly changing world.

Review Questions

• How did empiricism challenge traditional religious beliefs during the Enlightenment?
  • Empiricism challenged traditional religious beliefs by promoting the idea that knowledge should be based on observable evidence rather than faith or revelation. Enlightenment thinkers argued that human experience and reason were superior to dogmatic assertions made by religious authorities. This led to a wave of literary critiques that questioned established religious doctrines and encouraged individuals to seek understanding through their own observations.
• Discuss how Victorian poets expressed the crisis of faith through empiricist principles.
  • Victorian poets often depicted a crisis of faith influenced by empiricist principles by exploring themes of doubt and existential questioning. They grappled with the conflict between established religious beliefs and emerging scientific explanations, leading to a sense of disillusionment. Their works reflected a struggle to reconcile emotional spirituality with the demand for evidence-based understanding, showcasing how empiricism shaped their literary responses to shifting societal values.
• Evaluate the impact of scientific advancements on religious uncertainty as reflected in literature during this period.
  • Scientific advancements had a profound impact on religious uncertainty, prompting writers to reevaluate spiritual beliefs in light of new empirical findings. As discoveries in fields like biology and physics challenged traditional narratives about creation and existence, literature became a space for expressing anxiety over the relevance of religion. Authors used their works to examine the implications of these advancements, often portraying characters caught between faith and doubt, illustrating the broader cultural shifts towards empiricism and skepticism in society.

Related terms

Rationalism:

A philosophical belief that reason and logical deduction are the primary sources of knowledge, often contrasted with empiricism.

Scientific Method: A systematic approach to inquiry that involves observation, experimentation, and validation to acquire knowledge, rooted in empiricist principles.

Skepticism:

An attitude of questioning and doubting accepted beliefs, particularly in the context of religious or metaphysical claims.