The breakdown of Newtonian physics refers to the limitations of classical mechanics when applied to high-speed or high-gravity scenarios, leading to the necessity for a new framework provided by relativity. This breakdown highlights how Newtonian concepts, such as absolute time and space, fail to accurately describe phenomena occurring at relativistic speeds, such as those experienced in particle accelerators. As particles approach the speed of light, relativistic effects like time dilation and mass increase become significant, demonstrating that the rules of classical mechanics are no longer sufficient.
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