Walt Whitman

Definition

Walt Whitman was a groundbreaking American poet, essayist, and journalist, often celebrated as one of the most influential figures in 19th-century American literature. His work, particularly the collection 'Leaves of Grass,' challenged traditional poetic forms and themes, emphasizing individualism, democracy, and the beauty of the human experience. Whitman's innovative style and frank exploration of sexuality made him a pivotal figure in both literary and queer history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Walt Whitman was born on May 31, 1819, in West Hills, New York, and began his career as a journalist before turning to poetry.
2. His poem 'Song of Myself' is one of the central pieces in 'Leaves of Grass,' where he celebrates individuality and the collective human experience.
3. Whitman's poetry is characterized by free verse and a lack of traditional rhyme and meter, which broke away from conventional forms of his time.
4. He was openly gay at a time when such expressions were not socially accepted, which made his exploration of sexuality particularly significant for LGBTQ+ literature.
5. Whitman's work influenced a wide range of authors and poets, including modernist writers like T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound, contributing to his lasting legacy in American literature.

Review Questions

• How did Walt Whitman's approach to poetry differ from his contemporaries?
  • Walt Whitman's approach to poetry was revolutionary because he employed free verse and focused on themes of individuality and democracy, which contrasted sharply with the rigid forms and romantic themes favored by many poets of his time. While others adhered to strict rhyme schemes and meter, Whitman embraced a more conversational style that reflected everyday speech. This shift allowed him to express complex ideas about identity and humanity in a way that resonated with a diverse audience.
• In what ways did 'Leaves of Grass' reflect the social changes occurring in 19th-century America?
  • 'Leaves of Grass' reflected the social changes in 19th-century America by celebrating democratic ideals and advocating for personal freedom. During this time, America was undergoing rapid transformation through urbanization and social reform movements. Whitman's poetry embraced these changes by highlighting the importance of individuality within the larger context of society. His works challenged norms surrounding race, gender, and sexuality, inviting readers to consider a more inclusive vision of what it meant to be American.
• Evaluate how Walt Whitman's exploration of sexuality in his works contributes to our understanding of queer representation in literature.
  • Walt Whitman's exploration of sexuality plays a crucial role in shaping our understanding of queer representation in literature by pushing boundaries at a time when such topics were largely taboo. His candid reflections on desire and intimacy challenge societal norms and offer a sense of visibility for LGBTQ+ identities. By openly expressing his love for men in poems like 'Calamus,' Whitman not only paved the way for future queer writers but also influenced discussions around sexuality in the broader literary canon. His work remains an essential touchstone for understanding how literature can reflect and shape societal attitudes towards sexuality.

Related terms

Leaves of Grass:

A collection of poetry by Walt Whitman, first published in 1855, that celebrates nature, the human body, and the interconnectedness of all life.

Transcendentalism:

A philosophical movement that emerged in the early 19th century in America, emphasizing the inherent goodness of people and nature, closely related to Whitman's themes of individualism and spirituality.

Realism: A literary movement that sought to depict everyday life and society as it truly was, often contrasting with the romantic ideals present in earlier works, which Whitman also engaged with.