Quantum fluctuations refer to the temporary changes in the amount of energy present in a point in space, as predicted by quantum mechanics. These fluctuations are a fundamental aspect of quantum field theory and illustrate how energy levels can vary, even in a vacuum, leading to the spontaneous generation of particle-antiparticle pairs. In the context of quantum gravity and spacetime, understanding these fluctuations is crucial, as they can reveal insights into the nature of spacetime itself and contribute to theories that aim to unify quantum mechanics with general relativity.
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