A quantum bit, or qubit, is the fundamental unit of quantum information, analogous to a classical bit but with the unique ability to exist in a superposition of states. This means that a qubit can represent both 0 and 1 simultaneously, thanks to the principles of quantum mechanics, allowing for exponentially greater computational power. Qubits are crucial for quantum computing and cryptography, as they enable complex calculations and secure communication through quantum entanglement and interference.
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