Collective attacks refer to a type of security breach in quantum cryptography where an adversary attempts to exploit the correlations between multiple intercepted quantum states. Instead of targeting individual states, this strategy focuses on the collective behavior and measurement outcomes of a group of qubits or quantum bits, often leading to more effective attacks. Understanding collective attacks is crucial when analyzing the security frameworks of quantum key distribution, especially in systems that utilize continuous-variable quantum key distribution methods and Gaussian states.
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