Noiseless subsystems refer to specific parts of a quantum system that can be protected from the effects of noise and decoherence, allowing for the reliable storage and manipulation of quantum information. This concept is crucial in understanding how quantum systems can maintain coherence despite interactions with their environment, which is often characterized by noise that can disrupt quantum states. By identifying noiseless subsystems, it becomes possible to design protocols that enhance the performance of quantum computing and communication systems.
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