Lexical attrition

Definition

Lexical attrition refers to the gradual loss of vocabulary knowledge in a language over time, particularly when that language is not regularly used or practiced. This phenomenon can occur in bilingual individuals or language learners who stop using one of their languages, leading to a decrease in word recall and understanding. Lexical attrition is an important aspect of language attrition, which deals with broader declines in language proficiency.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lexical attrition can vary in severity depending on the frequency and context of language use; the less a language is used, the more significant the attrition tends to be.
2. Bilingual individuals may experience lexical attrition in their weaker language while maintaining proficiency in their dominant language.
3. The process of lexical attrition can affect different aspects of vocabulary, including word recognition, pronunciation, and the ability to produce words spontaneously.
4. Factors such as age, exposure to the language, and the context in which the language was learned can influence the rate and extent of lexical attrition.
5. Lexical attrition can be mitigated through regular practice and exposure to the language, helping to reinforce vocabulary retention and recall.

Review Questions

• How does lexical attrition relate to the concepts of bilingualism and language proficiency?
  • Lexical attrition is particularly relevant for bilingual individuals who may experience a decline in their vocabulary for one language when they shift their focus to another. This relationship highlights how a person's language proficiency can fluctuate based on usage patterns. As bilingual speakers may prioritize one language over another due to various life circumstances, this leads to specific losses in their active vocabulary in the lesser-used language.
• Discuss the factors that contribute to lexical attrition and how they impact an individual's vocabulary retention.
  • Factors contributing to lexical attrition include age, frequency of use, exposure to the language, and context of learning. For instance, if an individual stops using a second language after moving to a new environment where that language isn't spoken, their vocabulary retention will likely decline. Additionally, older learners might find it harder to retain vocabulary due to cognitive changes over time. These factors collectively determine how well an individual maintains their lexical knowledge.
• Evaluate the strategies that can be employed to prevent or reduce lexical attrition in language learners.
  • To prevent or reduce lexical attrition, learners can engage in regular practice through conversation, reading, or writing in the target language. Incorporating immersive experiences such as travel or cultural events can also strengthen vocabulary retention. Additionally, using technology—such as language learning apps or online courses—can provide continuous exposure and practice opportunities. Evaluating progress through assessments can help identify areas needing improvement, ensuring that learners stay engaged with their vocabulary.

Related terms

language attrition: The overall decline in language skills and proficiency due to lack of use or exposure, often observed in bilingual speakers when they shift their dominant language.

semantic memory: A type of long-term memory that involves the storage and recall of facts, concepts, and vocabulary, crucial for understanding and producing language.

active vocabulary: The set of words that a person uses regularly and confidently in speaking and writing, as opposed to passive vocabulary, which includes words a person understands but does not often use.