Activation Threshold Hypothesis

Definition

The activation threshold hypothesis suggests that there is a specific level of exposure to a language that must be reached before individuals can effectively recall and use that language. This idea is particularly relevant in understanding how language attrition occurs, as it indicates that reduced exposure or use can lead to a higher activation threshold, making it more difficult to access and utilize the language.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The activation threshold hypothesis emphasizes the importance of consistent language exposure for maintaining proficiency.
2. When an individual experiences language attrition, their activation threshold for that language may increase, making recall more challenging.
3. This hypothesis helps explain why bilingual individuals may struggle with one language if they predominantly use the other.
4. Factors like age, frequency of use, and context can influence an individual's activation threshold for a specific language.
5. Over time, reduced practice can lead to higher activation thresholds, ultimately affecting fluency and comprehension.

Review Questions

• How does the activation threshold hypothesis explain the process of language attrition in bilingual individuals?
  • The activation threshold hypothesis illustrates that as bilingual individuals have less exposure to one of their languages, their ability to effectively recall and use that language diminishes. This reduced exposure can raise their activation threshold, meaning they need more cues or practice to access the dormant language. Thus, over time, the less frequently used language becomes harder to retrieve, which can result in noticeable attrition.
• Discuss how various factors can affect the activation threshold for an individual learning a new language.
  • Factors such as age of acquisition, frequency of practice, and the context in which the language is used can significantly influence an individual's activation threshold. For instance, younger learners may have a lower activation threshold due to their cognitive flexibility and immersive learning environments. Conversely, adults might experience higher thresholds if they lack regular practice or if they predominantly use their first language in daily interactions. Understanding these factors can help tailor language learning strategies to maintain lower activation thresholds.
• Evaluate the implications of the activation threshold hypothesis for language teaching methodologies.
  • The activation threshold hypothesis highlights the critical need for consistent exposure and practice in language teaching methodologies. It suggests that educators should create immersive environments that frequently engage students with the target language to keep their activation thresholds low. Additionally, understanding that prolonged periods without practice can raise these thresholds leads to designing curricula that incorporate regular review and varied contexts for using the language. This approach not only aids in retention but also promotes fluent usage among learners.

Related terms

Language Attrition: The gradual loss of proficiency in a language due to lack of use or exposure over time.

Language Activation: The process by which a language is accessed and used, involving the retrieval of linguistic knowledge from memory.

Threshold Theory: A psychological theory that posits there is a certain point at which stimulus intensity must reach for a response to occur.