The likelihood ratio test is a statistical method used to compare the goodness-of-fit of two competing hypotheses, typically a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis. This test evaluates the ratio of the maximum likelihoods of the two hypotheses, allowing statisticians to determine if the data provides enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative. It relies heavily on the likelihood function and the concept of maximum likelihood estimation, making it an essential tool in statistical inference.
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