Golden mean

Definition

The golden mean is a philosophical concept attributed to Aristotle that refers to the desirable middle ground between extremes, advocating for balance and moderation in one's actions and emotions. This idea is foundational in Aristotle's ethical framework, emphasizing that virtue lies in finding the right amount of a trait rather than exhibiting excess or deficiency, which connects directly to his views on political naturalism and forms of government.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Aristotle's concept of the golden mean is about finding the balance between deficiency and excess, which he believed was essential for moral virtue.
2. In politics, Aristotle applied the golden mean by advocating for a mixed government that combines elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy to achieve stability and fairness.
3. Aristotle argued that extreme forms of government, such as tyranny or mob rule, are detrimental to the good life and societal harmony.
4. The golden mean is not a strict mathematical average but rather a contextual understanding of moderation based on individual circumstances and societal norms.
5. This principle suggests that personal and political well-being can be achieved through moderation, aligning closely with Aristotle's vision of a well-functioning community.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of the golden mean relate to Aristotle's understanding of virtue and ethics?
  • The golden mean is central to Aristotle's understanding of virtue because he believes that moral virtue is achieved through moderation. According to him, every virtue exists as a midpoint between two vices: one of excess and one of deficiency. For instance, courage is the mean between recklessness and cowardice. This framework not only applies to individual behavior but also extends to the governance of society, emphasizing that ethical living requires balance.
• Discuss how Aristotle applies the idea of the golden mean to his political philosophy regarding forms of government.
  • Aristotle's political philosophy reflects the idea of the golden mean by advocating for a balanced government structure that incorporates elements from different systems. He believed that a mixed government—combining monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy—would prevent any one group from becoming too powerful and leading to corruption. By aiming for this balance, he argued that societies could achieve stability and promote the common good, thus embodying his principle of moderation.
• Evaluate the significance of the golden mean in contemporary discussions about ethics and governance in light of Aristotle's teachings.
  • The significance of the golden mean in contemporary ethics and governance stems from its emphasis on balance and moderation in decision-making. In today's complex political landscape, where extreme ideologies often clash, Aristotle's approach encourages dialogue and compromise. By applying the golden mean, modern leaders can strive for policies that reflect a harmonious middle ground, promoting social cohesion and well-being. This relevance highlights how ancient philosophical concepts can inform current practices in ethical governance.

Related terms

Virtue Ethics: A moral theory that emphasizes the role of character and virtue in ethical decision-making, focusing on the development of good character traits.

Teleology: The philosophical study of purpose or design in natural phenomena, which posits that everything has an end goal or purpose that drives its existence.

Eudaimonia: Often translated as 'flourishing' or 'well-being', it represents the highest good for humans according to Aristotle, achievable through living virtuously.