Divergent boundary

Definition

A divergent boundary is a tectonic plate boundary where two plates move away from each other, allowing magma from the mantle to rise and create new crust. This process plays a crucial role in the formation of ocean basins and rift valleys, contributing to the geological features and topography of Earth.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Divergent boundaries are primarily found along mid-ocean ridges, where tectonic plates are constantly moving apart, creating new ocean floor.
2. The process of seafloor spreading at divergent boundaries is responsible for the formation of new oceanic crust, which is vital for the geology of Earth's surface.
3. Rift valleys, such as the East African Rift, illustrate the land-based equivalent of divergent boundaries and can lead to significant geological features over time.
4. Divergent boundaries contribute to geological activity, including earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, as magma rises to fill the gap left by diverging plates.
5. Ridge push and slab pull forces play a significant role in driving the movement of tectonic plates at divergent boundaries, influencing their dynamics.

Review Questions

• How do divergent boundaries influence the formation of ocean basins and contribute to geological activity?
  • Divergent boundaries are crucial in shaping ocean basins as they allow tectonic plates to move apart. As these plates separate, magma from the mantle rises to fill the gap, forming new oceanic crust. This process not only creates mid-ocean ridges but also leads to volcanic activity and earthquakes as the crust is formed and adjusted. Overall, divergent boundaries actively shape the underwater landscape and influence geological phenomena.
• Discuss the relationship between divergent boundaries and rift valleys, providing examples of where these can be found.
  • Divergent boundaries can lead to the formation of rift valleys on land when tectonic plates pull apart. This process creates a lowland area characterized by steep sides. A prime example is the East African Rift Valley, where the African Plate is splitting into two smaller plates. This rift valley showcases how divergent movement can create significant geological formations while also leading to increased volcanic activity due to magma rising through fractures in the Earth's crust.
• Evaluate the impact of divergent boundaries on Earth's topography and how this relates to resource exploration.
  • Divergent boundaries significantly alter Earth's topography by creating mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys, which influence local ecosystems and geology. The unique features created by these boundaries can lead to mineral deposits and geothermal energy sources, making them valuable for resource exploration. As researchers evaluate these areas for potential resources, understanding divergent processes becomes essential. The tectonic activity associated with these boundaries also provides insights into natural hazards, aiding in risk assessment and management efforts.

Related terms

Mid-ocean ridge: An underwater mountain range formed by the upwelling of magma at divergent boundaries, marking where new oceanic crust is created.

Rift valley: A lowland region formed by the divergence of tectonic plates, characterized by steep sides and often associated with volcanic activity.

Seafloor spreading: The process through which new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and gradually moves away from the ridge, contributing to the expansion of ocean basins.